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Building & Plumbing Materials Glossary

Published on: 31/05/2016
Last Updated: 01/06/2017
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Adhesive Applicator


Adhesive Applicator

Squeeze bottle or syringe used to accurately apply small amounts of adhesives, as in making wallcovering repairs. Rinse out applicator with hot water immediately after use or the adhesives will dry and you'll have to throw it away

Adhesive Vinyl Weather Stripping


Adhesive Vinyl Weather Stripping

Used to provide a weather-tight seal around window and door frames. Make certain that the surface is clean and dry without any loose particles before applying weatherstripping or it will adhere well.

Asphalt Cleaning Product


Asphalt Cleaning Product

Used to provide a weather-tight seal around window and door frames. Make certain that the surface is clean and dry without any loose particles before applying weatherstripping or it will adhere well.

Asphalt Patching Material


Asphalt Patching Material

Material that is packed into holes and tamped smooth to repair asphalt surfaces. Wait for a warm, sunny day to make asphalt repairs. Wear Clothing, gloves and boots that you do not mind having stained when you work with asphalt products, because they will get stained and the stains do not come out.

Asphalt SEALER


Asphalt SEALER

Applied to asphalt surface to maintain and refurbish them from effects of weather and use. Wait for a warm, sunny day to seal asphalt.

AFL


AFL

Above floor level

Aggregate


Aggregate

Any loose materials, such as sand, gravel, or pebbles, added to cement to make concrete and plaster and to add texture to paints. Most commonly used on exterior walls.

Airbrick


Airbrick

Also known as a ventilation brick, often inserted beneath timber floors and roof spaces to enable air to flow.

Apex


Apex

Term used in construction and roofing for a triangle of brickwork, often at the end of a building to support a roof.

Arbitration


Arbitration

The process by which disputing parties instigate the involvement of a third party to settle a disagreement.

Architrave


Architrave

Wooden or composite decorative moulding, commonly used to surround windows and doors to cover any gap between the frame and the wall.

Asbestos


Asbestos

A fibrous material, used in the past as insulation.

Ashlar


Ashlar

A squared building stone cut with sufficient precision to allow fine and highly accurate mortar joints. Also used in carpentry to describe a short stud between joists and sloping rafters, particularly near the eaves.

Asphalt


Asphalt

Often used on flat roofs as an adhesive or for water proofing.

B

Bevelled Washers


Bevelled Washers

Used on Reverse pressure compression stem faucets or taps. Should be installed so the bevelled side faces the stem body.

Bucket


Bucket

Used for mixing powdered products with water bonding agents as well as general use in plumbing, painting and wallpapering work. A wide, shallow bucket can come in very handy in plumbing work. It will fit in areas a taller bucket won't, such as under a sink for catching water when opening up drain pipes.

Balanced Flue


Balanced Flue

System, which maintains the circulation of fresh air from the outside in heating appliances such as boilers.

Ballast


Bucket

A combination of sand and gravel, commonly used as aggregate in concrete.

Baluster


Baluster

A vertical support for a handrail, especially on staircases.

Balustrade


Balustrade

A barrier, installed for safety purposes on a stairway, balcony or landing.

Banister


Banister

A handrail on a staircase.

Barge Board


Barge Board

A roofing term, refers to a board, often carved, hanging from the end of a sloping roof to protect roof timbers from the rain.

Base Coat


Base Coat

First coat of paint, often a neutral colour, used to prime a wall for an even finish.

Batten


Batten

A small board or strip of wood used for various building purposes to cover joints between boards, reinforce certain doors, or to keep sheet materials in place.

Beading


Beading

Normally made of wood, commonly used to cover the expansion gaps in solid wood and laminate flooring.

Bitumen


Bitumen

Tar-like substance used as a sealant and in damp proofing.

Breeze Block


Breeze Block

Bricks made from concrete or cement.

British Standards Institute


British Standards Institute

British Standards Institute - Government body, designed to develop standards and ensure that products and services meet them.

Building Regulations


Building Regulations

Statutory instruments issued by the government describing and requiring certain standards of building.

C

Cardboard Shims


Cardboard Shims

Inserted behind door hinges to adjust elevation of latch bolt. Use the hinge as a template for cutting cardboard shims. Do not cut shims from corrugated cardboard. Always use a sharp knife when cutting cardboard, and be certain that you cut on a stable work surface - always take care when cutting tools.

Carpenters Glue


Carpenters Glue

High Strength wood glue used on joints where wood is glued to wood. A thin, even layer of carpenter's glue spread on the entire surface to be joined works best. Do not use too much or pool it one area.

Carpet Remnant


Carpet Remnant

Piece of leftover carpet used when making carpet repairs. If you don’t have any carpet remnants try cutting a piece for your repair from an inconspicuous spot, such as in a closet.

Carpet Seam Adhesive


Carpet Seam Adhesive

Bonds seam between pieces of carpet for small repairs. Be Careful when working with adhesive as it cannot be removed from carpet fibre it impregnates. Use this adhesive in a well-well-ventilated area.

Caulk Type Concrete Patcher


Concrete Patcher

Easy-to-use product for filling small cracks in masonry materials. Wait for a dry day when the temperature will be between 50 and 80 degrees. Fahrenheit when making concrete repairs

Ceramic Tiles


Ceramic Tiles

Used as wallcovering in bathrooms and kitchens. Try to find tiles that match the ones you're replacing. Ceramic tile that dates before the 1960s was set in a masonry base, and repair should be done by a professional.

Cloth


Cloth

Used for catching spills, cleaning hands and surfaces and other miscellaneous duties.

Combination Wax / Cleaner


Combination Wax

Cleans and provides a protective finish on wood with one application. Apply two coats when doing this for the first time to provide a durable surface that will help protect the wood

Concrete Sealer


Concrete Sealer

A clear liquid applied to concrete surfaces to protect from them weather and use damage. Plan ahead: temperature should be above 45-degrees Fahrenheit and dry for at least 24 hours after application. Wear gloves and boots so you do not get sealer on your skin.

Construction Adhesive


Construction Adhesive

A caulk-type adhesive that forms a very strong bond between a wide variety of building materials. This adhesive sets very quick - be sure you are ready for installation of pieces before applying adhesive to any surfaces. Do not get this adhesive on your skin surfaces as it is very difficult to remove.

Carbonation


Carbonation

Corrosive reaction in concrete.

Carcassing


Carcassing

Cheap timber, usually used in partitions.

Casing


Casing

The framework around a door or window

Cavity Wall


Cavity Wall

A wall formed of two thicknesses of masonry with a space between them.

Cavity Wall Tie


Cavity Wall Tie

Metal bars used to strengthen a cavity wall.

Chipboard


Chipboard

Chips of wood compressed into sheets, used as an inexpensive way to deck flat roofs Also used in certain types of furniture especially kitchens.

Cistern


Cistern

A water tank - usually found in an attic or loft space.

Cladding


Chipboard

A board or panel product used to cover portions of a building.

Combination Boiler


Combination Boiler

Differs from conventional boilers by heating water as required, eliminating the need for a storage tank. Has the added benefit of improved water pressure, compared with other types of boilers.

Condensation


Condensation

When moist air meets a cold surface and appears as drops of water. Can be a cause of dampness or rotting in wooden window frames.

Conductor


Conductor

A length of wire, used to carry an electric current.

Contract


Contract

An agreement (verbal or written) between a contractor and a client. It is advisable to draw up a contract before any work is carried out with details of payment terms, time frames, etc. An estimate is not a binding legal document.

Contractor


Contractor

A signatory of the contract who undertakes to carry out those works detailed in the document.

Coping


Contract

A decorative finish to a wall, usually in stone, used to prevent rain damage to the surface of the wall.

Corbell


Corbell

A protruding piece of metal, wood or stone on a wall, used to support a weight.

CORGI


CORGI

Confederation for the Registration of Gas Installers.

Cornice


Cornice

A decorative, normally concave piece of moulding found at the top of a building or room to soften the junction between roof/ceiling and wall.

Countersink


Countersink

Secondary hole that enables a bolt or screw head to lie flush with another surface.

D

Diaphragm ballcock


Diaphragm ballcock

Automatic valve in toilet tanks where movement of the float arm affects a diaphragm to control water entry into the tank.

Diaphragm ballcock repair kit


Diaphragm ballcock repair kit

Replacement parts for a diaphragm ballcock. Only use this kit if the rest of the ballcock is sound, otherwise replace the entire unit.

Door sweep


Door sweep

Weatherstripping used on door bottoms to seal the door and threshold joint. Make certain new sweep will clear floor covering and not scrape or bind on carpet, etc.

Double-faced tape


Double-faced tape

Adhesive surfaces on both sides stick carpeting to the floor surface. Make certain that surfaces are clean and dry without any loose particles before applying the tape or it will not adhere well.

Double-headed nails


Double-headed nails

Two "heads" enable secure nailing of material in place while making easy removal possible. Always wear protective eyewear when using striking tools.

Drain trap


Drain trap

The bent portion of the drain system located at a fixture such as a sink, tub or toilet that "traps" water to seal and prevent passage of sewer gases. Drain traps come in 1 ¼" or 1 ½" pipe sizes. Make sure you obtain a drain trap that matches your existing pipe size.

Drivable Molly Bolt


Drivable Molly Bolt

Wall hanger for light loads pounded into the wall surface like a nail. Turning the self-contained screw expands a winged flange behind the wall, holding the hanger securely in place. It is best to drill a pilot hole slightly smaller than the shank of the molly bolt when using it on plaster walls. Always wear protective eyewear when using striking tools.

Driveable wall anchor


Driveable wall anchor

Wall hanger for medium loads shaped like a stake that is driven into the wall surface. Retaining clips keep the anchor secure in the wall. Always wear protective eyewear when using striking tools.

Deathwatch Beetle


Deathwatch Beetle

Insect pest, found in old hardwoods where an onset of fungus is already in existence. Can be a serious problem in structural timbers.

Distemper


Distemper

A traditional form of paint made from water, colouring and glue.

Double Glazing


Double Glazing

Windows with 2 panes of glass, separated by a vacuum of air for improved noise and heat insulation.

Downpipes


Downpipes

Guttering which provides an outlet from roof guttering traditionally made in plastic but on period properties can be found in cast iron.

DPC (Damp-Proof Course)


Damp-Proof Course

A layer of impermeable (water proof) material to prevent dampness from rising from the ground into concrete floors and walls. (Also known as DPM (Damp-Proof Membrane).

Dry Rot


Dry Rot

Fungus that affects wood which carries severe implications in structural timber. Common in moist areas with poor ventilation.

E

Emery Paper


Emery Paper

An abrasive material, also known as emery cloth, used to clean and remove burrs from metal surfaces and edges. A piece of emery paper can be used many times, even after it has been soaked with water—don't throw it away until you feel it is not working well anymore.

Earth


Earth

Refers to the earthed connection in electrical circuitry. Signified by a green and yellow wire in all modern, U.K. plugs.

Eaves


Eaves

Where a roof overhangs the wall below.

Efflorescence


Efflorescence

A growth of salt crystals on a surface caused by evaporation of salt-laden water. Most common in coastal areas.

Engineering Brick


Engineering Brick

Heavy-duty brick, used in exposed areas, especially outside or underground.

Estimate


Estimate

A preliminary calculation of costs: this is only legally binding once a formal quote has been approved by both parties.

F

Faucet cartridge (disc-type)


Faucet cartridge (disc-type)

Replacement cartridge for repair of disc-type faucets; the entire cartridge is replaced instead of replacing washers and O-rings. Take the old unit with you when you purchase a replacement to ensure you find the right one.

Faucet cartridge (sleeve-type)


Faucet cartridge (sleeve-type)

Replacement cartridge for repair of sleeve-type faucets; the entire cartridge is replaced instead of replacing washers and O-rings.

Faucet repair kit


Faucet repair kit

General purpose repair kit containing replacement washers, O-rings, screws and other materials for a variety of faucet brands.

Fibre scrub pad


Fibre scrub pad

Used to help scrub difficult stains and dirt from walls.

Fibreglass fabric


Fibreglass fabric

Fibreglass meshes material that is used with fibreglass resin to make durable repairs on metal surfaces. Use sharp scissors to cut this material. Wear gloves when handling fibreglass, and use care when operating cutting tools.

Fibreglass insulation


Fibreglass insulation

Cotton candy-like material used for attic and wall insulation, and also for stuffing into cracks and holes as a support base for caulking repairs. Use sharp scissors to cut this material. Wear gloves when handling fibreglass, and use care when operating cutting tools.

Fibreglass mending kit


Fibreglass mending kit

Package contains fibreglass fabric and resin. Resin sets up fairly quickly so have everything ready before you spread it. Wear gloves when working with fibreglass products and work in a well-ventilated area when using resin.

Fibreglass resin


Fibreglass resin

Liquid brushed onto fibreglass fabric which impregnates the fabric and produces a very strong surface when dry. Resin sets up fairly quickly so have everything ready before you spread it. Wear gloves when working with resin and work in a well-ventilated area.

Fibreglass wallboard tape


Fibreglass wallboard tape

Flexible mesh tape with a sticky surface for covering seams in wallboard prior to applying taping compound. Make certain that surfaces are clean and dry without any loose particles before applying the tape or it will not adhere well

Flat-cord plug


Flat-cord plug

Plug used with flat, 2-wire cords. Avoid a potential shock hazard by not stripping too much insulation away from the cord wire.

Float ball


Float ball

Balls at end of float arm on plunger valve and diaphragm ballcocks. The float ball screws onto threads at the end of the float arm

Float cup assembly


Float cup assembly

Toilet flushing ballcock-like valve that uses a float that moves up and down around the valve's assembly instead of a float ball at the end of a float arm as found on traditional ballcocks. Take the old parts with you when you purchase replacements to ensure you find the parts you need.

Floor-covering adhesive


Floor-covering adhesive

Adhesive used with vinyl sheet floor coverings and floor tiles. Clean applicators in solvent immediately after use, or use throwaway applicators—once dry the adhesive is extremely difficult to remove. Work in a well-ventilated area when using adhesive.

Flooring nails


Flooring nails

Nail with spiral flutes for securely holding flooring in place and with less chance of the flooring loosening. These nails are very difficult to pull out so make certain you drive them only where you want them. Always wear protective eyewear when using striking tools.

Flooring remnant


Flooring remnant

Piece of leftover flooring used when making flooring repairs. If you don't have any flooring remnants, try cutting a piece for your repairs from an inconspicuous spot, such as in a closet or under a large appliance.

Fair faced


Fair faced

A concrete block which is clean, smooth and doesn't have to be rendered.

Fascia


Fascia

A strip of wood or, increasingly commonly, PVC adjoined to rafters and to which guttering is attached.

Fibreboard


Fibreboard

Inexpensive and fragile material, often used in lofts for its insulating properties.

First Fix


First Fix

Where a trade, e.g. plumbing/electrics, logically fits into two stages, the first fix refers to all the work which takes place before plastering.

Flashing


Flashing

Roofing and building term used to describe the plugging of potentially leaky areas in a roof joint with a metal such as zinc, copper or lead.

Flaunching


Flaunching

A sealed slope around a chimney stack.

Floor plan


Floor plan

Alternative term for the layout of a building.

Flue


Flue

A duct or pipe which allows smoke and heat to escape from a fire or boiler.

Flush Door


Flush Door

Door with flat faces.

FOC


FOC

Free of charge. You probably won't come across this one very often.

Footing


Footing

A slim foundation for a wall.

Foundation


Foundation

A countersunk, structural base for a wall, usually concrete in more modern buildings.

Fuse Board


Fuse Board

Principle electrical connection into a house, ordinarily comprising a fuse box, meter and earth connections.

G

Galvanised gutter elbow


Galvanised gutter elbow

Elbows are used to connect ground pipe extensions to the ends of downspouts to help direct runoff away from the foundation. Make certain you purchase a gutter elbow that will fit your kind of gutters.

Garden sprayer


Garden sprayer

Used to flush and rinse asphalt and concrete surfaces with water.

Gasket


Gasket

This is a large-size O-ring. Take the old gasket in with you so that you purchase a replacement that is the right size.

Glazing points


Glazing points

Metal brackets used to hold window panes in the window frames. When installing glazing points, make certain you exert pressure only towards the sash, not onto the glass. Wear heavy-duty gloves when doing work with glass.

Gloves


Gloves

Used to protect hands when performing heavy-duty work. Gloves worn when handling sharp materials should be made of leather.

Goggles


Goggles

Safety eyewear worn for striking, cutting, sanding or spraying tools. Make certain you purchase good quality safety goggles that fit (or that fit over your eyeglasses!) Always wear protective eyewear when using striking, power cutting or power sanding tools.

Greaseless lubricant


Greaseless lubricant

Lubricating material used in locations where you do not want a layer of grease which will attract dirt, etc., such as in window tracks.

Grip-It screw kit


Grip-It screw kit

Wall hanger for medium-weight loads that is screwed into the wall surfaces and then accepts a screw connection for holding the object to the wall.

Ground pipe extension


Ground pipe extension

Connected to downspouts help to direct runoff from the foundation.

Grout


Grout

Material used to fill the seams between ceramic tiles. Comes either pre-mixed for small repairs or as a powder to be mixed with a bonding liquid for larger projects. Purchase powdered grout that you mix with a bonding liquid if you have more than a few tiles to replace—it is much less expensive when doing large repair areas.

Gutter


Gutter

Used to channels water off roofs. Use a section of gutter matching your existing gutter when making repairs.

Gable


Gable

The triangle of brickwork that forms the roof, found at the end of buildings with conventional pitch roofs.

Galvanised


Galvanised

Refers to a metal which has been treated with a protective layer of Zinc.

Gravity Fed System


Gravity Fed System

Central heating system that relies on the circulation of water by gravity.

Grommet


Grommet

A ring, usually in plastic or rubber, which lines a hole to prevent wear and tear of electrical cables.

H

Heat-activated carpet tape


Heat-activated carpet tape

Used with a seam iron to hold two sections of carpet together with an invisible seam. Cut the entire seam length before beginning the tape applications. You cannot easily stop once you have started the heat-activation tape process. Use care when operating the hot seam iron, and always rest it in its cradle when not in use.

Heatproof grease


Heatproof grease

Lubricating material that will not break down under the heat generated by hot water, used on moving parts in faucet assemblies.

Hardcore


Hardcore

Broken and discarded rubble, bricks and stones, used to form a solid base for foundations.

Header Tank


Header Tank

Open tank, used to filter water through to a central heating system.

Herringbone


Herringbone

Pattern used in brickwork to create a zig-zag effect.

Hip Tile


Hip Tile

Roofing term, used to describe bowed tiles for the apex or hip of a roof, where the two sloping sides meet.

I

Inspection Chamber


Inspection Chamber

Official term for a manhole.

Insulation


Insulation

Material used to prevent the transferal and isolate the channel of heat, noise and in some cases electricity.

J

Jamb


Jamb

The side of an opening in a wall, usually for a door or window.

Joist


Joist

Horizontal beam, usually in timber, used to create a flat roof, ceiling and floor construction.

K

Kickback


Kickback

Plinth found under kitchen units, disguising the supports under the base units.

L

Lamp socket


Lamp socket

Lamp component that holds light bulbs and connects the lamp cords to the switch. Always unplug the lamp fixture before attempting any repairs.

Latex bonding liquid


Latex bonding liquid

Mixed with a powdered patch or grout product to produce a strongly bonded material. It is important to mix while adding small amounts of liquid to the powdered material or you can easily get a mixture that is too soupy.

Latex wood patch


Latex wood patch

Products used for small wood repairs that dries quickly and cleans up easily. Always apply latex wood patches in layers no thicker than 1/8" to minimise cracking.

Lath strips


Lath strips

Rough wood strips approximately ¼" x 1 ½" that come in varying lengths. Used as a support surface for plaster walls, as shimming material and tack strips for temporarily holding down plastic and building paper.

Light fixture


Light fixture

Any permanent ceiling or wall-mounted lighting device. Choose light fixtures that match the amp rating of the circuit on which you are installing them.

Lime-dissolving solution


Lime-dissolving solution

Use to remove mineral deposits from faucet assemblies.

Lock Set


Lock Set

Door knob and latch used on passage doors. Most lock sets are adjustable and will fit any standard door. To be certain that a replacement will fit your door, measure its thickness and the distance from the edge of the door to the centre of the circular hole that held the old Lock Set. Take these measurements with you and check that the replacement Lock Set will fit.

Laminate


Laminate

A simulated wood product with an inner core made of melamine resin and fibres, which have been laminated together.

Landslip


Landslip

Often caused by a heavy downpour of rain, a landslip is a sudden downhill shift of soil / earth.

Lath


Lath

Thin strips of wood used to fix roof tiles or slates or to reinforce plaster.

Leading


Leading

Used in external and interior windows and door panels for a decorative, often latticed effect.

Lintel


Lintel

A horizontal beam of timber, stone and, less commonly, metal, found above a door or window.

Load-bearing


Load-bearing

A wall which is structurally integral - i.e. a wall which supports another wall floor or roof.

LPG


LPG

Liquid Petroleum Gas - an alternative fuel.

M

Masking tape


Masking tape

General purpose adhesive tape, that comes in various widths for painting, quick temporary repairs, holding materials in position, etc. Adhesive backing allows it to be easily removed from most materials after use.

Masonry anchor


Masonry anchor

Special plug that will accept a screw inserted into an appropriately sized pre-drilled hole in hard materials like masonry surfaces. Come in various sizes to accept a wide range of screw sizes.

Masonry patcher


Masonry patcher

Repair product for filling in cracks, holes and broken areas in masonry structures. Wait for a dry day when the temperature will be between 50 and 80 degrees. Fahrenheit when making masonry repairs. Avoid skin contact with masonry patching materials; wash skin thoroughly if there is contact.

Mesh leaf guard


Mesh leaf guard

Product made from plastic or metal that is installed in gutters to keep them from filling up with leaves. If you use metal mesh leaf guards, wear heavy-duty gloves and use care in cutting and handling of the material.

Metal & vinyl weatherstripping


Metal & vinyl weatherstripping

Weather seal used around doors and windows. Always wear protective eyewear when using striking tools. Use care when working with cutting tools.

Mineral spirits


Mineral spirits

Used for thinning and cleanup of oil-based paints and as a cleaning/dissolving solvent for some adhesives. Wash thoroughly skin areas that have come in contact with mineral spirits.

Mirror clips


Mirror clips

Fasteners designed to hold a flat mirror securely against a wall.

molly bolt with sleeve


molly bolt with sleeve

Wall hanger for medium-weight loads that is inserted into an appropriately-sized hole in the wall surface, then the self-contained screw bolt is turned which expands a flange behind the wall surface, holding the hanger securely in place. Come in various diameters and lengths. Be sure to choose a molly bolt that will fit the thickness of your wall (they come sized to fit either 3/8"-, ½"-, 5/8"- or ¾"- thick walls.

Mortar


Mortar

Material used in masonry building projects to bond individual pieces, such as bricks, together. Mix mortar so that when you take a clump of it in your hand (while wearing a glove!) and squeeze it, it will hold the shape it is squeezed into without crumbling or sagging. Avoid skin contact with masonry patching materials; wash skin thoroughly if there is contact.

Muriatic acid


Muriatic acid

Cleaning agent for masonry surfaces. Wear gloves, eye protection and clothing that cover arms and legs when working with acid.

Mansard Roof


Mansard Roof

A steep-sided, flat-topped roof, designed to accommodate more rooms.

Mastic


Mastic

Material used to seal joints.

Metre Cubed


Metre Cubed

Unit of volume (length x height x width)

Metre Squared


Metre Squared

Unit of area (length by width)

Mezzanine


Mezzanine

An additional floor integrated between the floor and the ceiling, typically found in rooms with high ceilings.

Mitre


Mitre

Corner joint, created by cutting two pieces of wood at a 45-degree angle.

Mono-pitch


Mono-pitch

Roofing term. Describes a roof that slopes in only one direction.

Mortise and Tenon


Mortise and Tenon

Used in carpentry to describe a joint formed by a mortise (a hole in one piece of wood) and a tenon (the piece which fits into it). This is often strengthened by the use of a wood glue.

Mouse


Mouse

The weight used to create a plumb line

Muck


Muck

Colloquial term, used to describe wet mortar, bonding, plaster or concrete.

Mullion


Mullion

A wooden strip used to divide individual panes in a window.

N

Nailed picture hanger hook


Nailed picture hanger hook

Wall hanger for lightweight loads.

Nails


Nails

Any of the variety of pointed fasteners can be used when a specific type of nail is not required. Always wear eye protection when using striking tools.

Newel


Newel

Large balusters found at the top and bottom of a staircase. Also refers to the central pole in a spiral staircase.

Nogging


Nogging

Wooden pegs used to strengthen joists.

O

O-rings


O-rings

Circular rubber rings that fit around valve stems to create a flexible, water-tight seal.

Oxalic acid


Oxalic acid

Act as a bleaching/ brightening agent on wood.

P

Packing string


Packing string

A self-forming string-like material used on older faucets instead of O-rings. Installed by winding it around the valve stem under the packing nut.

Packing washers


Packing washers

A form-fitting material in the shape of a washer, that fits under the packing nut on older faucets.

Paint


Paint

Water-based product used to provide an attractive protective coat on surfaces.

Paint solvent


Paint solvent

Use to dissolve paint and varnish. Always use in a well-ventilated area and keep away from open flames.

Paste wax


Paste wax

Protective, renewable finish covering for wood. Apply wax in a thin rather than thick layer—this will make buffing easier and it doesn't change the thickness of the finished layer of wax.

Patching plaster


Patching plaster

Product used for making repairs to plaster surfaces. Mix the plaster stiff enough so that it will not sag when you apply it. This is particularly important when your repair area is in the ceiling.

Peel-and-stick patching tape


Peel-and-stick patching tape

Thin, tough plastic membrane with an adhesive side for sticking over cracks. Two coats of paint cover the membrane to complete the repair.

Pencil


Pencil

Used for marking on a variety of surfaces.

Penetrating oil


Penetrating oil

Use to penetrate seized connections encrusted with rust or mineral deposits, enabling them to be loosened. Apply oil to the area three or four times over a few minutes to allow the oil to penetrate fully.

Plastic anchors


Plastic anchors

Plugs that fit into appropriately-sized pre-drilled holes that will hold screws in wallboard and other surfaces which will not otherwise hold screws. Come in a variety of sizes.

Plastic sheeting


Plastic sheeting

Plastic material comes in a variety of thicknesses and is used as drop cloths and protective coverings. Use thicker plastic (3 mils or thicker) that will be more durable.

Plunger valve ballcock


Plunger valve ballcock

Automatic valve's in toilet tanks where movement of the float arm affects a plunger (very similar to a stem in a compression faucet) to control water entry into the tank.

Plunger valve kit


Plunger valve kit

Contain replacement parts (washers/O-rings) for repairing a plunger valve. Take the old parts with you when you purchase a repair kit to ensure you find one with the parts you need.

Plywood


Plywood

Can be used as an emergency cover over a roof vent opening (if you've had to remove the vent) or a damaged section of the roof.

Pre-formed caulk


Pre-formed caulk

Peel-and-stick product for making quick caulk seams. This material comes in only one thickness which will not span larger gaps—if you have larger gaps you need to use regular tub-and-tile caulk.

Premixed wallboard compound


Premixed wallboard compound

Material used for taping joints and making repairs on wallboard. A small amount of mixing of this product on your part will generally make the material smoother and easier to work with.

Protective clothes


Protective clothes

Appropriate clothing to wear when making repairs and building projects: eye and ear protection, gloves, long-sleeved shirt, long pants, and work shoes with good traction soles. Always wear appropriate protective clothing that is not loose or floppy when operating power cutting and sanding tools, working on a roof, working with acids or working with materials that will permanently stain.

Putty


Putty

Product used for small wood repairs that dries quickly and cleans up easily also known as wood putty or wood patch.

Pallet


Pallet

A wooden plug, used in masonry to provide a fixing point for a door frame.

Parapet


Parapet

A low wall, forming a barrier on a balcony or flat roof.

Pargeting


Pargeting

A lining of mortar or plaster for a chimney flue or the like.

Party Wall


Party Wall

The shared wall between two terraced houses - adjoining owners have equal rights.

Party Wall Act 1996


Party Wall Act 1996

Law, which prevents the owner of a party wall from doing any work on it without their neighbour's consent.

Pebble Dash


Pebble Dash

An outdoor wall finish with stones embedded in the render.

Pier


Pier

A column of bricks used to provide added strength or support to a wall or a load.

Pilaster


Pilaster

A shallow rectangular feature projecting from a wall, having a capital and base and usually imitating the form of a column.

Plain Tile


Plain Tile

Roofing term for a plain, flat usually ceramic tile.

Planning Permission


Planning Permission

Consent required from local authorities to sanction the alteration of existing or construction of new buildings.

Plaster


Plaster

Finish, often used on walls and ceilings.

Plasterboard


Plasterboard

Manufactured boards used in walls and ceilings.

Plinth


Plinth

Foundation base of external walls.

Pointing


Pointing

Smoothing out and removing excess mortar from between bricks and stones in building and bricklaying.

Purlin


Purlin

Roofing term, used to describe a horizontal beam that provides support for sloping rafters.

Q

Quoin


Quoin

The external, solid angle of a wall.

R

Receptacle


Receptacle

Electrical outlet used for cord plugs. Always disconnect power before attempting any electrical repairs.

Roof mastic


Roof mastic

Also known as roof cement or roof sealant. Used as a sealing "adhesive" for seams, holes and flashing connections on shingle roofs. Work in gloves and clothing that you don't mind being permanently stained!

Roofing nails


Roofing nails

Galvanised nails with wide, flat heads designed for attaching shingles to roof sheathing. Always wear protective eyewear when using striking tools.

Root remover


Root remover

Copper sulfate crystals used to kill roots that have penetrated a main drain.

Round-cord plug


Round-cord plug

Cord plug used with round 3-wire cords. Avoid a potential shock hazard by not stripping too much insulation away from the wire.

Rubber gloves


Rubber gloves

Used when working with things like caustic agents, stains and solvents.

Rubbing alcohol


Rubbing alcohol

Used as a cleaning solvent to remove soap residue from sinks, tubs and tile. Wear rubber gloves when using this product as alcohol dries out the skin.

Rust-proof paint


Rust-proof paint

Paint for metal surfaces that withstand rust. Work in a well-ventilated area.

Rusty-metal primer


Rusty-metal primer

Primer paint specially formulated for use on rusty surfaces once the surfaces have been brushed free of all flakes and loose material. Work in a well-ventilated area.

Rafter


Rafter

A sloping beam, used in combination to form the slope of the roof.

Rebate


Rebate

A recess along the edge of a piece of wood, used to create a lap joint.

Render


Render

A mixture used to cover a wall - common types of render include pebble dash, plaster and other forms of textured finish.

Repointing


Repointing

Replacing the mortar between bricks, often to strengthen or to reduce the chances of damp developing.

Retention


Retention

An amount of money the client withholds as insurance against repair.

Ridge Tile


Ridge Tile

A semi-circular tile used to cover the point where two sloping roofs meet. See also Hip Tile.

Rising Damp


Rising Damp

Where moisture, usually from underground, penetrates brickwork and timber to cause structural and cosmetic damage to plaster and decoration.

Rising Main


Rising Main

Pipe which draws water to a storage tank under mains pressure.

Roof Pitch


Roof Pitch

Angle at which a roof slopes

Roof Truss


Roof Truss

Timber framework which supports a roof.

Roof Valley


Roof Valley

Point at which two roofs meet.

RSJ (Rolled Steel Joist)


RSJ (Rolled Steel Joist)

Reinforced steel beam used for structural support.

S

Sandpaper


Sandpaper

Used for removing and smoothing material—sandpaper is designated for use on either wood or metal. Come in various "grits" of rough and smooth.

Sash cord


Sash cord

Rope used to connect a sash with its counterweight in a double-hung window. Do not use nylon rope or any other rope that will stretch.

Scrap wood


Scrap wood

Small pieces of dimension lumber left over from other projects. Sometimes you can obtain these from waste containers at building sites or lumber yards.

Screen fabric


Screen fabric

Material made out of vinyl or aluminium used as a replacement for torn screen windows. Choose aluminium screen fabric instead of vinyl for screens that will receive abuse from children and pets. Wear gloves when working with aluminium screen fabric.

Shellac sealer


Shellac sealer

A pigmented stain-killer paint-like product for preventing stains from bleeding through finished coats of paint. Work in a well-ventilated area.

Shellac spray


Shellac spray

Pigmented stain-killer in a spray can. Work in a well-ventilated area.

Silicone or latex caulk


Silicone or latex caulk

Used for filling seams, cracks and small holes in a variety of materials. Choose silicone or latex depending on the application—see manufacturer's directions. Work in a well-ventilated area when using silicone caulk.

Solvent cleaner


Solvent cleaner

Used for cleanup of various adhesives, paints and stains. Test on an inconspicuous area before using it on stains.

Solvent/lubricant


Solvent/lubricant

Products that clean gummy, dirty grease while providing lubrication to surfaces. Keep away from open flames.

Splash block


Splash block

Stone or plastic pad placed at terminus of downspouts or ground pipes to help keep runoff water away from foundations. These can be found in either concrete or in coloured plastic—choose what will blend in best in your circumstances.

Sponge


Sponge

Used for general cleaning.

Spring-metal weatherstripping


Spring-metal weatherstripping

Weather seal used around door frames. Don't cut the stripping too long: It is better to cut it a hair short so it doesn't bow or bind in the corners. Use care when working with cutting tools and sharp metal edges.

Stain remover


Stain remover

Use to remove stains from walls, carpets and other fabric coverings. Test on an inconspicuous area before using it on stains.

Straightedge


Straightedge

Used for general measuring, marking and guiding of cutting blades. Treat your straightedges with care or they won't remain straight edges.

String


String

Common household product usually made from fibre or nylon.

Switch


Switch

Electrical lights fixture circuit switch. Always disconnect power before attempting any electrical repairs.

Sash


Sash

The part of a sash window, which opens.

Screed


Screed

Layer of concrete that provides a smooth and level surface for the final floor finish.

Shingles


Shingles

Rectangular slabs of wood used on roofs as an alternative to conventional tiles or slates.

Sill


Sill

Normally used to describe the lowest ledge on a window. Also refers to the ledge at the bottom of an external door.

Skim


String

Outer layer of plaster.

Skirting


Switch

Wooden board, sometimes decoratively beaded, at the bottom of a wall where it meets the floor.

Sleeper Wall


String

Supporting wall, used to support the join between ground floor joists.

Snagging


Switch

The final process of a job, in which a client assesses and details a list of defects, which he must rectify before full and final payment.

Snots


Snots

Colloquial term referring to excess plaster or mortar left between cavity walls.

Soakaway


Switch

Aggregate or gravel used underground in order to improve the drainage of rainwater.

Soffit


Soffit

Undersurface of a balcony, eaves, etc.

Specification


Specification

A document detailing all works required.

Stile


Stile

A vertical side piece of a door or window frame.

Stretcher


Stretcher

A brick or stone laid in a wall so that its longer edge is exposed or parallel to the surface.

Stucco


Stucco

This is a construction material made of aggregates combined with a binder and water, typically applied to the exteriors of homes or buildings

Stud Partition


Stud Partition

A wall made from a framework of timber and finished with plasterboard, designed for cosmetic rather than load-bearing purposes.

Sub-soil


Sub-soil

Soil on which foundations are generally built, lying immediately below the top-soil.

Subsidence


Subsidence

Ground movement with grave structural implications. Common causes include, clay shrinkage, mining and tree roots.

T

Tank ball or flapper


Tank ball or flapper

Rubber toilet tank element that seals the opening between the tank and the toilet bowl and, when raised by the handle, lets the tank water out to flush the bowl.

Tile adhesive


Tile adhesive

Adhesive specially formulated for bonding ceramic tile to walls and floors. Clean applicators in solvent immediately after use, or use throwaway applicators—once dry the adhesive is extremely difficult to remove. Work in a well-ventilated area when using adhesive.

Toggle bolt


Toggle bolt

Wall hanger for heavyweight loads that has spring-loaded wings which fold to fit through appropriately sized pre-drilled hole in wall surface. The wings open on the back side of the wall to provide strong support.

Toggle bolt with hook


Toggle bolt with hook

A toggle bolt with a hook replacing the bolt head for hanging objects from ceilings.

Toothbrush


Toothbrush

Use as a cleaning brush in small, hard-to-reach areas.

Top hat diaphragm


Top hat diaphragm

Special top hat-shaped rubber washer used on the end of the valve's stem in top hat compression stem faucets.

TSP


TSP

TSP or Trisodium Phosphate is a strong general-purpose cleansing agent for interior and exterior applications.

Tube-style glazing compound


Tube-style glazing compound

Sealer used to weather-proof new window panes. This material is worked with best in temperatures above 50 degrees Fahrenheit.

Two-by-four


Two-by-four

Dimension lumber purchased at any building centre that's nominal measurements are 2X4", actual measurements are 1 ½ x 3 ½".

Tamp


Tamp

To pack down tightly by a succession of blows or taps.

Tarmac


Tarmac

A material, often black, used to cover roads and driveways.

Template


Template

A pattern used for cutting something to a specific shape for an exact fit‚ commonly used in kitchen work tops and bespoke glass and mirror sheeting.

Timber Frame


Timber Frame

Used in house construction, finished with brickwork.

Topcoat


Topcoat

The final layer of paint.

Trap


Trap

Section of pipe beneath a bath or sink, containing standing water to prevent an air block.

TRV


TRV

Thermostatic Radiator Valve. Valve which regulates the hot water flow through a radiator and, as a result, its temperature.

U

Undercoat


Undercoat

Layer or layers of paint used to cover previous paint colours or wallpaper patterns.

Underpinning


Underpinning

A secondary layer of foundations is built beneath existing ones, usually to counteract or prevent the effects of subsidence.

UPVC


UPVC

Un-plasticised Poly Vinyl Chloride, durable and versatile plastic commonly used in windows, doors, guttering and fascias.

V

Valve seal


Valve seal

Rubber seal under the bonnet of a float cup flushing valve assembly.

Valve seats


Valve seats

Brass section inside a compression faucet where the washer at the end of the faucet stem "seats" to shut off the water. Take the old seats with you to ensure you purchase the correct replacements.

Vinyl spline


Vinyl spline

Vinyl cord used to hold window screen in its frame. Don't stretch the spline as you're installing it or it will pop back out.

Valley Gutter


Valley Gutter

Gutter installed between two pitch roofs to prevent standing water and the chances of leaks.

Ventilation


Ventilation

Circulation of air that prevents the chances of damp building up.

Verge


Verge

The edge of a roof.

W

Wallboard


Wallboard

Gypsum panels use in drywall construction. If you don't have any wallboard pieces left over from a project, small scrap pieces can often be obtained for free at building centres or at construction sites.

Wallboard nail


Wallboard nail

Used (when necessary) to tack a piece of wallboard in position before driving wallboard screws. Don't use wallboard nails as the only method of attaching wallboard to studs, they do not hold as well as wallboard screws.

Wallboard screws


Wallboard screws

Screw with Phillips-slotted head designed for attaching wallboard to studs. Come in varying lengths to use with different wallboard thicknesses. Don't drive screws so that they break through the paper surface of the wallboard—they should just slightly dimple the surface.

Wallcovering remnants


Wallcovering remnants

Pieces of leftover wallcovering used to repair a damaged section on a wall. It is always a good idea to save any wallcovering material left over from a new wallcovering installation. This will give you the opportunity to make repairs with matching wallcovering.

Wallpaper adhesive


Wallpaper adhesive

Used for bonding most wallpapers to wall surfaces. Usually applied with a paint roller to the back of the wallpaper.

Wallpaper dough


Wallpaper dough

Very soft, pliable "dough-like" product for taking marks off wallpaper without damaging the wallpaper's surface.

Washers


Washers

Rubber or plastic washers of various sizes and shapes used to create flexible but water-tight seals in plumbing installations. Take the old washers with you to ensure that you purchase replacements that are the correct size.

Weights


Weights

Use as tamping tools in asphalt repair or to help correct a bowed door.

Wet sander


Wet sander

A firm synthetic sponge with abrasive surfaces for sanding smooth wallboard compound without raising clouds of sanding dust.

Wire brads


Wire brads

Small finish nails, from ½" to 1 ½" long. Always wear eye protection when using striking tools.

Wire nuts


Wire nuts

Connectors used to connect multiple circuit wires of the same or different sizes. Always disconnect power before attempting any electrical repairs.

Wood cleaner


Wood cleaner

Cleaner that will remove soil from wood surfaces without staining or damaging wood surfaces. Work in a well-ventilated area.

Wood restorer


Wood restorer

Product designed to blend in a renewed wood area with the surrounding wood's finish. Work in a well-ventilated area.

Wood screws


Wood screws

Used for attaching pieces of wood. Come in a variety of sizes and head designs for use with different kinds of screwdrivers. Choose larger diameter screws (#8 or #10) for strength, but be sure you choose a length that won't come through on the other side.

Wood sealer


Wood sealer

Liquid product applied to raw wood to prevent moisture penetration.

Wood wedges


Wood wedges

Pieces of wood about 8" long and 1 ½" wide that taper from ¼" at one end down to a fine edge at the other. Used for shimming and wedging in a variety of situations.

Wooden dowels


Wooden dowels

Thin dowels that can be used to fill worn screw holes behind loose door hinges and to smooth caulk-type substances.

Wainscot


Wainscot

Wood panelling used on the lower portion of a wall.

Wet trades


Wet trades

Any trades which require a large amount of water, esp. plastering and rendering.

Winder


Winder

A tread or riser in a staircase which moves around a corner.

Woodworm


Woodworm

Colloquial term referring to beetle infestation.

Z

Zinc stripping


Zinc stripping

Attach to shingled roofs when necessary to prevent moss buildup. Be sure to nail the stripping as close to the ridge top as possible to gain maximum results.


Sarabeth Asaff

Sarabeth Asaff
Sarabeth Asaff is a former kitchen and bathroom designer who now works as a home and garden industry writer and expert. She has a working knowledge of all areas of the home improvement industry, and specialises in functional design and material advice.