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Electrical Information
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Some Useful Information About Electric.
| Ampere | The constant current which when flowing through two parallel wires 1 m apart would produce in vacua a force of 2 x 10 -7 N/m | A |
| Coulomb | The quantity of if electricity when a current of 1 ampere flows for 1 second | C |
| Volt | The electromotive force or potential difference when a constant current of 1 ampere produces a heat in resistance at the rate of 1 newton-meter (joule)/second | V |
| Ohm | Is the electrical resistance of a conductor in which a constant curent of 1 ampere flow under a constant voltage of 1 volt | ω |
| Henry | The inductance in which 1 volt is produced by a currrent changing at the rate of 1 ampere/second | H |
| Farad | The Capacitance in which 1 couomb is stored for a potential difference of 1 volt | F |
| Siemens | The unit of electrical conductance S = A / V | S |
| Joule | The unit of energy work and quantity of heat. the work done when the point of application of a force of 1 newton is displaced through a distance of 1 metre in the direction of the force | J |
| Watt | The unit of power = t Joule/second | W |
| Weber | The unit of magnetic flux. The magnetic flux linking a circuit of one turn produces in it an electromotive force of 1 volt as it is reduced to zero at a uniform rate in 1 second | Wb |
| Tesla | The unit of magnetic flux density. The tesla is equal to 1 weber per square metre of circuit area | T |
Ohms law
| E = Voltage (Volts) I = Current (Amperes) R = Resistance (Ohms) W = Power (Watts) |
E = I x R = Sqrt (W x R) = W / I I = E / R = Sqrt( W / R) = W / E R = E / I = W / I2 = E2 / W W = E x I = E2 / R = I2 x R |
General Form of Ohms law R = ρ . L / A L = Length (metres), A = Area (metre2, ρ = resistivity (ω /metre) |
Additive Resistances
| Resistors in Series R_total = R1 + R2 + R3... Voltage across Resistors in Series V_total = V_R1+V_R2+V_R3.. |
Resistors in Parallel R_total = 1/ (1/R1 + 1/R2 +1/R3...) The Voltage across Resistors in Parallel is the Same= V |
Alternating Current Supplies
| Alternating Voltage t = time (seconds), ω = angular velocity rads/sec, f = frequency (cycles /sec) The Average value of a sinusoidal alternating quantity is calculated at 0.637x maximum value The Root Mean Square(RMS) value of a sinusoidal alternating quantity is calculated at 0.707 x maximum value. The form factor of a wave is the RMS value / Average Value = (for a sinusoidal wave) 1.1 The Peak (Crest) Factor is the Peak Value / RMS value = 1.414 |
Kirchoffs Laws
| Kirchoffs First law. The total current flowing towards a junction is equal to the total current flowing away from that junction.# i.e the algebraic sum of the currents flowing towards a junction is zero Kirchoffs Second Law In a closed circuit the algebraic sum of the products of the current and the resistance of each part of the circuit is equal to the resultant e.m.f in the circuit. |
Capacitors
| Q = V x C therefore I = C dV/dt Q = Charge (coulomb) V = Potential Difference (Volts) C = Capacitance (Farad) |
I = V / Xc Xc = Capacitive Reactance (ω ) Xc = 1 / (2 p f C ) f = frequency (Herz) |
| Capacitors in Parallel C_total. V = Q_total = Q1+Q2+Q3... C_total. V = V.C1+V.C2+V.C3... C_total = C1+C2+C3... |
Capacitors in Series C_total = 1/ (1/C1+1/C2+1/C3...) |
Inductances
| V = L.dI/dt L = Inductance (Henry) |
I = V/ XL XL = Inductive Reactance (ω ) XL =2 p f L f = frequency (Herz) |
Additive Inductances
| Inductances in Series L_total = L1 + L2 + L3... |
Inductances in Parallel 1 / L_total = 1 / L1 + 1 / L2 + 1 / L3 ... |
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